Dr Dawn Harper (Image: Getty)
Understanding your family’s health history can feel a bit overwhelming, but it’s one of the smartest things you can do for your long-term wellbeing. Many conditions run in families, and knowing your risks early helps you take control before problems start. Here are ten hereditary health issues you should keep an eye on—and how simple steps can make a big difference.
1. High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure often develops silently, and genetics play a bigger role than most people realize. If your parents or siblings have it, you should check your numbers regularly—even before 40. Small habits like reducing salt, staying active and managing stress can keep it in check.
2. High Cholesterol
Many people assume cholesterol only comes from food, but the truth is your body makes most of it. Conditions like familial hypercholesterolaemia can cause very high cholesterol even in people who eat well. If it runs in your family, get tested early and follow up every year.
3. Heart Disease
If anyone in your family had a heart attack at a young age, your risk increases too. But the good news is that heart disease is one of the most preventable conditions. A balanced diet, daily movement, good sleep and stress control can dramatically cut your risk.
4. Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes has a strong hereditary component. Millions live with it unknowingly, and untreated diabetes can harm the heart, kidneys and nerves. If your family members have it, don’t wait for symptoms—request an HbA1c test. Maintaining a healthy weight and staying active go a long way.
5. Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis often goes unnoticed until a bone breaks. If your mother, father or grandparents had fragile bones or hip fractures, your risk is higher. Calcium, Vitamin D, strength training and regular bone scans (DEXA scans) can help protect your bones as you age.
6. Certain Types of Cancer
Breast, prostate, colon, ovarian and pancreatic cancers often show patterns within families. If several relatives developed cancer—especially at younger ages—your doctor may suggest genetic testing. Knowing your risk early helps you choose the right lifestyle changes and screening tests.
7. Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s has a genetic link, particularly when it starts early in families. While you can’t change your genes, you can support your brain by moving daily, eating a colourful diet, staying socially active and keeping your mind challenged. Even simple habits like puzzles, reading or learning a hobby help.
8. Asthma and Allergies
Asthma, eczema and allergies often pass from one generation to the next. If your family has a history, pay attention to triggers like dust, pollen or certain foods. Also inform your family members so they can share this information during emergencies.
9. Mental Health Conditions
Depression and anxiety can run in families, but they’re also influenced by lifestyle and environment. If your family has a history, practice mental self-care—regular exercise, sleep, meaningful relationships and setting healthy boundaries. Early support is far better than struggling alone.
10. Autoimmune Diseases
Conditions like thyroid disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and celiac disease share genetic roots. They may appear differently in each person. If autoimmune issues run in your family and you notice unexplained fatigue, joint pain or digestive troubles, it’s worth requesting blood tests early.
Final Thoughts
Knowing your family’s health history isn’t about worrying—it’s about preparing. A simple conversation with parents or siblings can help you understand what to watch for. Pair that with regular check-ups, early screenings and healthy daily habits, and you give yourself the best chance of staying strong and healthy for years to come.
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